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Myocardial Changes in Childhood Cancer Patients Treated with Anthracyclines

Faisal-Alkhateeb Ahmad¹, Rehab F Mohamed², Amany M Ali³, Khaled F Riad³, Ahmed M Morsy³ and Hekma S Farghaly¹

¹Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.

²Department of Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.

³Department of Pediatric Oncology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.

faisalalkhateeb@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in survivors of childhood cancer initially presenting as sub-clinical cardiac abnormalities that, if left undetected or untreated, can lead to clinical cardiac dysfunction. The present study aimed to evaluate the early myocardial changes that develop with anthracycline therapy. Material and Methods: In this prospective study the preanthracycline and 6-months postanthracycline echocardiographic and electrocardiographic parameters were analyzed for cardiac dysfunction. The demographic information, including age, sex, type of anthracycline, and cumulative dose, were recorded, as well. Results: In this study, 115 patients with childhood cancer, including 81 males (70.4%) and 34 females (29.6%) with the mean age of 11.1±3.8 years were enrolled. Their normal baseline and 6-months postanthracycline echocardiographic and electrocardiographic parameters were compared for myocardial changes. Doxorubicin alone was used in 91 (79%) patients while daunorubicin alone in 24 (21%). Only 16 children (14%) received a high dose of anthracycline (cumulative dose > 300 mg/m²). QTc interval significantly prolonged 6-months after chemotherapy than the baseline readings (P<0.001). There was a significant increase in the left ventricular dimensions, and all myocardial functional parameters were significantly deteriorated in children who received anthracycline (P<0.001). The incidence of cardiac dysfunction found more in female patients (20/28; 71.4%). Myocardial dysfunction was significantly higher among children who received a high cumulative dose of doxorubicin (P<0.001). Conclusion: The incidence of subclinical anthracycline-related cardiac dysfunction is high. Children treated with anthracycline require a long-term follow-up to identify and establish optimal prevention and management strategies that balance oncologic efficacy with long-term safety.

[Faisal-Alkhateeb Ahmad, Rehab F Mohamed, Amany M Ali, Khaled F Riad, Ahmed M Morsy and Hekma S Farghaly. Myocardial Changes in Childhood Cancer Patients Treated with Anthracyclines. Cancer Biology 2017;7(1):1-8]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 1. doi:10.7537/marscbj070117.01.

Keywords: Anthracycline, cardiotoxicity, myocardial changes, childhood cancer, electrocardiography, echocardiography

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IL-33/ST2 Axis and Prohibitin in Breast Cancer: Clinicopathological and Prognostic Significance

Amina El-Sayed¹, Amany A. Ghazy², Rabie R. Abdelwahed³, Eman M. Saied⁴

¹ Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University.

² Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelskeikh University.

³ Department of Surgery, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University.

⁴ Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University.

dremansaied@gmail.com

Abstract: Background: Breast cancer (BC) is an important health challenge that women face and affects their safety and productivity. IL-33 participates in many diseases with dual, pro-inflammatory or protective roles depending on the cellular and cytokine context. However, the role of IL-33/ST2 axis in carcinogenesis, tumour progression and prognosis is still unclear. Prohibitin (PHB) is a multifunctional protein located in different intracellular sites. It shows over expression in many cancers suggesting its role in tumourigenesis. Aim: The present work was designed to study the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of IL-33/ST2 axis and prohibitin in breast cancer. Subjects & Methods: The current study was conducted on 45 patients with breast lesions (benign lesions, early and advanced breast cancer) and 15 healthy volunteers. IL-33 and ST2 serum levels were measured by ELISA. Expressions of IL-33 and prohibitin in breast tissue were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Serum levels of IL-33 and immunohistochemical expression of prohibitin were significantly increased in groups with breast lesions compared to the control group (p <0.05). Immunohistochemical expression of IL-33 showed significant differences between malignant tumours and control group (p <0.05), while benign lesions showed higher expression than the control group but the difference was statistically insignificant (p >0.05). In addition, Serum levels of IL-33 as well as immunohistochemical expressions of IL-33 and prohibitin were significantly higher in breast cancer cases compared to those with benign breast lesions (p <0.05), moreover, they showed significant increase with progression of cancer from early "stage I and II" to advanced breast cancer "stage III" (p <0.05). Serum levels of sST2 were significantly higher in breast lesions compared to the control group (p <0.001); however, they were lower in malignant cases than these with benign lesions, but the differences were statistically insignificant (p =0.158). There was a significant positive correlation between the serum level of IL-33 and its immunohistochemical expression in all studied groups (p <0.05), and a significant positive correlation between IL-33 and prohibitin immunohistochemical expression in malignant breast tumours (p <0.05). Conclusion: IL-33/ST2 and prohibitin have vital roles in breast cancer development.  The increased expression of IL-33 and prohibitin with increasing tumour grade and stage indicates that they may be useful prognostic markers for breast cancer.

[Amina El-Sayed, Amany A. Ghazy, Rabie R. Abdelwahed, Eman M. Saied. IL-33/ST2 Axis and Prohibitin in Breast Cancer: Clinicopathological and Prognostic Significance. Cancer Biology 2017;7(1):9-17]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 2. doi:10.7537/marscbj070117.02.

Key words: Breast cancer, IL-33/ST2, Prohibitin, Prognosis, IHC

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Assessment of RASSF2A Gene Methylation in Ovarian Cancer Patients By Methylation – Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction

Ghada Saddek Sabbour¹, Heba M. Adel Abou Zaghla¹, Ramy Salem¹, Gihan El Sayed El Hawwary²

¹Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt.

²Gynaecology and Obstetric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt.

hebazaghla@hotmail.com

Abstract: Members of the Rat sarcoma (Ras) associated domain family (RASSF) genes are thought to function as tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) by regulating the cell cycle and apoptosis. RASSF proteins consists of ten members termed from RASSF1 to RASSF10. RASSFs proteins are classified according to the location of Ras associated (RA) domain into either C-terminal (RASSF1-6) or N-terminal (RASSF7-10) family members. Ras associated domain Family member 2 (RASSF2) gene, also called rasfadin, is located on the short arm of chromosome 20 (20p13) and occupies 46 kilo base pairs of genomic DNA. RASSF2 gene encodes for three protein isoforms (RASSF2A, RASSF2B and RASSF2C). All of these isoforms have RA domain, but only RASSF2A gene encodes for a functioning protein and has a gene promoter rich cytosine phosphodinucleotides guanine (CpG) island. RASSF2A gene has 12 exons. RASSF2A gene transcription starts within a CpG island that spans exon 1 and 2. RASSF2A gene encodes for a functioning protein that has enzymatic activity to inhibit the growth function of Ras oncoproteins and has a gene promoter rich CpG island. RASSF2A gene is expressed in normal tissue and suppresses tumor growth. It is down regulated by promoter hypermethylation in CpG island. Inactivation of RASSF2A is detected in different tumors as colorectal, lung, gastric, breast and ovarian cancers. Our aim was to investigate the association of methylation as epigenetic change of RASSF2A gene and ovarian cancer. Epigenetics (A Greek expression for “above genetics”) refers to reversible changes in gene expression without changes in gene structure. Our study was conducted on three groups. The first group was (16) sixteen newly diagnosed, untreated patients presented with malignant ovarian mass as diagnosed by ultrasound, histopathology and CA125 assay. The second group was (16) sixteen patients presented with benign ovarian mass as diagnosed by ultrasound, histopathology and CA125 assay. The third group was (16) sixteen apparently healthy women with matched age to the patients’ groups. All these samples were tested to detect RASSF2A gene methylation using methylation specific PCR. In this study we found that 37.5% (6/16) of the malignant group were methylated and 62.5% (10/16) were unmethylated while in the benign group 6.3% (1/16) was methylated and 93.7% (15/16) were unmethylated and in healthy control group 0% (0/16) was methylated and 100% (16/16) were unmethylated. The results of the our study also revealed a statistical significant ( χ2 = 4.571, P value = 0.033) increase in RASSF2A methylation in plasma of the malignant group more than the benign group, as RASSF2A methylation was detected in 37.5% (6/16) and 6.3% (1/16) was methylated and statistical significant (χ2 =7.385, P value = 0.007) increase in RASSF2A methylation in plasma of the malignant group more than the control group, as RASSF2A methylation was detected in 37.5% (6/16) and 0% (0/16) was methylated. In conclusion, RASSF2A gene methylation was statistically higher in ovarian cancer cases than controls in Egyptian population. Therefore, it can be used as a potential non-invasive epigenetic marker for ovarian cancer. Thus our results provide the first insight into the contribution of RASSF2A gene methylation in ovarian cancer susceptibility in the Egyptian population.

[Ghada Saddek Sabbour, Heba M. Adel Abou Zaghla, Ramy Salem, Gihan El Sayed El Hawwary. Assessment of RASSF2A Gene Methylation in Ovarian Cancer Patients By Methylation – Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction. Cancer Biology 2017;7(1):18-25]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 3. doi:10.7537/marscbj070117.03.

Keywords: Epithelial ovarian cancer; RASSF2A; hypermethylation; plasma

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Correlation between hormonal receptor status and Her 2 neu expression with the age of breast cancer patients and its outcome: a single institutional study in Egypt

Heba G.M. Mahmoud¹， Marwa Nabil Abdelhafez ², Wafaa Yousif Abdel Wahed³, Dalia Nabil Abdelhafez⁴

¹Surgical Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt

²Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt

³Public Health and Community medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt

⁴Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Egypt

marwa_nabil_25@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Hormone receptors and Her2/ neu statuses are known to be very powerful and useful predictors of outcome. Assessment of the receptor status profile in correlation with the age of the patients allows for prediction of breast cancer outcome and hence better treatment optimization for different age groups. Objectives: To assess the correlation between hormone receptor and Her2/neu status and age, and its significance as a predictor of outcome in patients with breast cancer. Patients & methods This is a retrospective study conducted on 382 patients diagnosed with breast cancer at the national cancer institute, Cairo University. Clinicopathological data (age, tumor histology, lymph node status, stage, and hormone receptor status and her2/ neu expression, were retrieved from the files. A correlation between the age of the patients and the hormone receptor status and outcome was done statistically. Results: The patients age ranged from26 to 78 (mean 49.7). Significant relation between ER, PR statuses and HER 2 neu expression with the age of the patients was observed. ER positivity increased and HER-2/neu expression decreased with rising age. ER and PR expression were significantly lower in HER-2/neu positive as compared with HER-2/neu negative tumors.  In patients less than 40 years 72.2% were ER positive while in patients more than 40 years, 83.9% of cases are ER positive and the P value insignificant (0.017). While PR was positive in 74.7% of cases less than 40 years and in 84.9% of cases more than 40 years with significant p value (0.032). Her2/neu expression was positive in 34.2% of cases less than 40 years while it is positive in only 19.2% of cases more than 40 years. No relation of ER, PR, Her2neu expression with other variables(grade, tumor size, pathological type or surgery type were found. Conclusion: ER and PR and Her2 neu receptors statuses in the current study are significantly correlated with the patients age. Young breast cancer patients have more aggressive tumors with more negative hormone receptor status and more her2 /neu expression. Her-2/neu expression was increased in hormone receptor negative tumors.

[Heba G.M. Mahmoud, Marwa Nabil Abdelhafez, Wafaa Yousif Abdel Wahed, Dalia Nabil Abdelhafez. Correlation between hormonal receptor status and Her 2 neu expression with the age of breast cancer patients and its outcome: a single institutional study in Egypt. Cancer Biology 2017;7(1):26-33]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 4. doi:10.7537/marscbj070117.04.

Keywords: Breast cancer, hormone receptors, Her 2 neuexpression, young patients

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CA125 Asa Predictor for Lymph Node Metastasis in Endometrial Cancer

Abdulrahim Gari^1,2,3, Hatim Al Jefri¹, Rami Khalifa¹, Sabah Allarakia¹, Khulood Hussein⁴

¹ National Guard King AbdulAziz Medical City, Jeddah, KSA.

² Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Medicine-Umm AlQura University, Makkah, KSA..

³ Department of obstetrics & Gynecology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, KSA.

⁴ Department of Physiology, College of Medicine-King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah KSA.

gari505@yahoo.ca

Abstract: Background: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological tumor. Previous studies have shown that there is a controversy regarding the preoperative predictive role of CA125 as a serum marker for the lymph node metastasis and prognosis of endometrial cancer. The current study aims at adding more evidence for the predictive role of CA125 for lymph node metastasis among patients with endometrial cancer. Methods: A retrospective study of all patients with endometrial cancer who had been operated in the National Guard Hospital in Jeddah - Saudi Arabia in the period from 2004 to 2014 (n=80). The pre-operative serum level of CA125 was evaluated for all the patients and the postoperative lymph node evaluation was recorded for 53 patients. In addition to the description of the clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients, Fisher exact test was carried out to find out the association between CA125 level, staging of the tumor and treatment modalities. Results: The majority of the patients who were operated for endometrial cancer were fifty years old or older (83.7%), these patients were mostly obese (82.5%) and multiparous (62.5%). Slightly more than one-half were diabetic (52.5%) and 50% were hypertensive. Serum level of CA125 exceeding 35 U/ml was detected in 13.8% of the patients, a significantly higher proportion of the patients who had CA125>35 U/mL (36.4%) than patients who had CA125<35 U/mL (7.2%) were discovered later to have an advanced stage of the tumor (3 or 4) p<0.05. Regarding treatment modalities, most of the cases with CA125>35U/ml needed extra measures such as radiotherapy or chemotherapy after being operated by TAHBSO with Lymphadenectomy. Conclusion: Endometrial cancer is more common among elderly, obese, diabetic females with a positive family history of cancer. Preoperative serum cutoff level of CA125>35 U/ml could predict prognosis and seriousness of the cases in terms of advanced stage and treatment modalities.

[Abdulrahim Gari, Hatim Al Jefri, Rami Khalifa, Sabah Allarakia, Khulood Hussein. CA125 Asa Predictor for Lymph Node Metastasis in Endometrial Cancer. Cancer Biology 2017;7(1):34-38]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 5. doi:10.7537/marscbj070117.05.

Keywords: Endometrial cancer, CA125, Lymph nodes

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Clinical presentation and predictive criteria for preoperative diagnosis of Primary ovarian lymphoma

Heba G.M. Mahmoud¹, Marwa Nabil², Eman. D. El Desouky³, Eman. N. Khorshed⁴

¹Department of Surgery, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo university, Kasr El -Aini Street, Foum El Khalig, PO Box 11796 Cairo, Egypt.

²Department of medical oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo university, Cairo university, Kasr El -Aini Street, Foum El Khalig, PO Box 11796 Cairo, Egypt.

³Department of Biostatistics and Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo university, Kasr El -Aini Street, Foum El Khalig, PO Box 11796 Cairo, Egypt.

⁴Department of Pathology_, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo university, Kasr El -Aini Street,Foum El Khalig, PO Box 11796 Cairo, Egypt.

hebasurg@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: To identify key clinical parameters which can guide preoperative clinical diagnosis of primary ovarian lymphoma, precluding aggressive surgery, deferment of decisive treatment, and infertility. Patients and Methods: A retrospective chart review of all patients diagnosed with primary ovarian lymphoma at the National Cancer Institute, Cairo - Egypt, during a 5-year period from 2008-2013 was designed and retrieved. Clinical data, imaging, pathological diagnosis, operative findings, and outcomes were gathered, with specific focusing on symptoms, duration of illness, propensity of B symptoms, staging, imaging data, intraoperative and gross pathology descriptions of the ovaries, in addition to patient outcomes. Results: Primary ovarian lymphoma was diagnosed in 11 patients during the time period 2008-2013. Majority of the patients (81.8%) presented clinically with a picture mimicking epithelial ovarian tumors but they were relatively younger than patients with EOT at diagnosis (age range 14-57 years). Patients presented with an acute abdomen in (27.2 %) of cases and an open surgical biopsy was done. The diagnosis of primary ovarian lymphoma was based on postoperative pathology in all cases. Patients were treated with chemotherapy after cytoreductive surgery with estimated 91% overall survival. Conclusions: We present the clinical criteria and outcome of eleven cases of primary ovarian lymphoma managed in the National Cancer Institute, a major tertiary care center in Egypt. Recognized cases shared the criteria of young age, rapid disease progression, bilateral ovarian involvement, regional lymph node metastasis, positive B symptoms, in addition to typical CT, and intraoperative findings which are possible predictors of higher disease probability. Proper diagnosis by surgical biopsy followed by chemotherapy improves the outcome especially in young age.

[Heba G. M. Mahmoud, Marwa Nabil, Eman. D. El Desouky, Eman. N. Khorshed. Clinical presentation and predictive criteria for preoperative diagnosis of Primary ovarian lymphoma. Cancer Biology 2017;7(1):39-48]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 6. doi:10.7537/marscbj070117.06.

Key words: Primary ovarian lymphoma, preoperative diagnosis, key criteria, outcome

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Review of the surgical management of urinary bladder sarcoma: National Cancer Institute experience

Mohamed Salama Mohamed¹, Amr Mostafa Zahran², Ahmed M. Raghib³ and Ayman Salah Moussa^3*

¹Department of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt.

²Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.

³Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-suef University, Egypt.

m_salama201010@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Bladder sarcomas are rare histologic subtypes that represents less than of all bladder tumors. Objective: to review these rare tumors as regards the clinic-pathological characteristics as well as the management with special emphasis on the surgical treatment being the most important part of the treatment. Patients and methods: we reviewed the medical records for all the patients diagnosed with urinary bladder sarcomas during the period from year 2007 to 2015 in the National Cancer Institute. We used simple frequencies and percentages to describe the data and overall survival was calculated using Kaplan Meyer Chart. Results: Total 12 patients were included in the study. 10 (83.3 %) were males and 2 (16.7 %) were females (M: F: 5:1). Mean age of the patients was 56.7 years ranging from 24 to 72 years. Leiomyosarcoma was the most common pathology 8 patients (66.7), Gross hematuria was the most common presenting symptom, 10 patients (83.3%), Surgery was the main line of treatment, most of patients (41.7%) treated with (radical cystectomy in males or anterior pelvic excentration in females), simple cystectomy in 3 patients (25%), partial cystectomy in2 patients (16.7%) and transuertheral resection in 2 patients (16.7%). Local recurrence and pulmonary metastasis had occurred in one patient (8.3%).

[Mohamed Salama Mohamed, Amr Mostafa Zahran, Ahmed M. Raghib and Ayman Salah Moussa.^. Review of the surgical management of urinary bladder sarcoma: National Cancer Institute experience. Cancer Biology 2017;7(1):49-53]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net.7. doi:10.7537/marscbj070117.07.

Keywords: Bladder sarcoma, Leiomyosarcoma, Lymphadenectomy, Cystectomy, Urinary diversion

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Comparative study between c-kit and DOG-1 immunohistochemical expression in GISTs

Omnia MK Rizk, Ayman M Elsaka

Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt

omnia_kamelrizk@outlook.com

Abstract: The diagnosis of GISTs shows controversy in their diagnosis, so pathologists commonly employ a panel of immunohistochemical markers. However, making the diagnosis can be difficult for the c-kit negative cases and c-kit positive cases that exhibit the same morphological pattern of other mesenchymal tumors and also stain c-kit positive. This work aimed to compare between the immune-histochemical expression of c-kit and DOG-1 and their diagnostic efficacy in GISTs using the percentage ratio score and intensity score. Results; Out of the 70 cases, only 54/70 cases were positive in both markers, 4/70 cases were negative for c-kit. Those cases were stained by other markers as (SMA and CD34) to confirm the diagnosis, resulting that, the c-kit negative cases considered as GISTs. Immunohistochemical results of c-kit revealed significant co-relation between the marker percentage score with WHO classification, and stage. Also, significant co-relation between the marker intensity with cell type, WHO classification and stage was detected. Immunohistochemical results of DOG-1 revealed significant co-relation between the marker percentage score with WHO classification, but, no significant association with stage. On the other hand, significant co-relation between the marker intensity with WHO classification and stage was detected. Significant co-relation between c-kit intensity and DOG-1 intensity were noticed but no significant co-relation between c-kit ratio score and DOG-1 ratio score. Conclusion: Both the sensitivity and specificity of DOG-1 were 100% compared to 93.10% and 66.67% of c-kit, respectively. DOG-1 have diagnostic accuracy 100% compared to 82.98% for c-kit. These results may magnify the importance of DOG-1 in that may be able to pick up a large numbers of c-kit negative cases and diagnose them as GIST. DOG1 immune-staining in mesenchymal tumors could be one of the best recommended markers to differentiate between GISTs & other tumors.

[Omnia MK Rizk. Comparative study between c-kit and DOG-1 immunohistochemical expression in GISTs. Cancer Biology 2017;7(1):54-62]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 8. doi:10.7537/marscbj070117.08.

Key words: GIST, c-kit, DOG-1

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Effect of Eicosapentaenoic acid Supplementation on the Serum Levels of sE-selectin and sVCAM-1 in the Patients with Non Insulin-Dependent Diabetes

Mohammad Hassan Golzari¹, Mahmoud Djalalii²

¹MSc, Ph.D, Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

²Ph.D, Department of Society Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Phone: 00989121327189； E-mail: mjalali87@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: An increased in the serum levels of sE-selectin and sVCAM-1, and the endothelial dysfunction are of characteristics associated with the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. EPA has the antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antithrombogenic, and antiarteriosclerotic properties. Therefore, we investigated the effect of Eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation on the serum levels of sE-selectin and sVCAM-1 in the diabetic patients. Methods: This study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Thirty six patients with type 2 diabetes were given written; informed consent, randomly were classified into 2 groups. They were supplemented with 2 g/day of the capsules of EPA or placebo. At the start and the end of the intervention, blood sample for measurement of the serum levels of sE-selectin, sVCAM-1, and lipids, as well as FBS and HbA1c were given. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding any demographic, clinical or biochemical data, total energy intake, and macronutrient intake at the baseline, and during the intervention, except for a significant increase of protein intake and the levels of HbA1c in the placebo group, and a significant increase of HDL-c, and a significant decrease in the serum levels of sE-selectin and sVCAM-1, as well as a slight reduce of total cholesterol, LDL-c, TG and FBS in the supplement group. Conclusions: EPA is atheroprotective via decrease in the serum levels of sE-selectin and sVCAM-1, as well as change in the serum levels of lipids, and FBS.

[Mohammad Hassan Golzari, Fereydoun Siassi. Effect of Eicosapentaenoic acid Supplementation on the Serum Levels of sE-selectin and sVCAM-1 in the Patients with Non Insulin-Dependent Diabetes. Cancer Biology 2017;7(1):63-70]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 9. doi:10.7537/marscbj070117.09.

Key Words: Eicosapentaenoic acid, sE-selectin, sVCAM-1, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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Effect of Eicosapentaenoic acid Supplementation on the Serum Levels of sE-selectin and sVCAM-1 in the Patients with Non Insulin-Dependent Diabetes

Mohammad Hassan Golzari¹, Fereydoun Siassi²(Corresponding Author):

¹MSc, Ph.D, Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

²Ph.D, Department of Society Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Abstract: Background: An increased in the serum levels of sE-selectin and sVCAM-1, and the endothelial dysfunction are of characteristics associated with the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. EPA has the antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antithrombogenic, and antiarteriosclerotic properties. Therefore, we investigated the effect of Eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation on the serum levels of sE-selectin and sVCAM-1 in the diabetic patients. Methods: This study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Thirty six patients with type 2 diabetes were given written; informed consent, randomly were classified into 2 groups. They were supplemented with 2 g/day of the capsules of EPA or placebo. At the start and the end of the intervention, blood sample for measurement of the serum levels of sE-selectin, sVCAM-1, and lipids, as well as FBS and HbA1c were given. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding any demographic, clinical or biochemical data, total energy intake, and macronutrient intake at the baseline, and during the intervention, except for a significant increase of protein intake and the levels of HbA1c in the placebo group, and a significant increase of HDL-c, and a significant decrease in the serum levels of sE-selectin and sVCAM-1, as well as a slight reduce of total cholesterol, LDL-c, TG and FBS in the supplement group. Conclusions: EPA is atheroprotective via decrease in the serum levels of sE-selectin and sVCAM-1, as well as change in the serum levels of lipids, and FBS.

[Mohammad Hassan Golzari, Fereydoun Siassi. Effect of Eicosapentaenoic acid Supplementation on the Serum Levels of sE-selectin and sVCAM-1 in the Patients with Non Insulin-Dependent Diabetes. Cancer Biology 2017;7(1):71-78]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 10. doi:10.7537/marscbj070117.10.

Key Words: Eicosapentaenoic acid, sE-selectin, sVCAM-1, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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The Potential Effect Of Mtdna4977 Deletion In The Development Of Prostate Cancer Among Sudanese Peopel

Linda Abdelmoniem Fadulalla

Department of Zoology Faculty of Science University of Khartoum

Abstract: Background: Cancer results from accumulation of molecular events that fundamentally change the normal properties of cells. Mitochondria play important roles in cellular energy metabolism, free radical generation, and apoptosis. There is increasing evidence that mitochondrial gene mutations are associated with various cancers. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 4977-bp deletion (DmtDNA4977 mutation) is one of the most frequently observed mtDNA mutations in human tissues and may play a role in carcinogenesis. Aim: to study the frequency of DmtDNA4977 mutation in prostate cancer tissues and benign hyperplasic prostate tissues (BHP). Methods: Thirty tissue samples of prostate were screened for the 4977 deletion using touchdown PCR. Results: The mtDNA4977 mutation was detected in both tumor 43.5% and non tumor tissues (56.5%). Conclusion: The DmtDNA4977 mutation was quite frequent in both malignant and benign tumor tissues. The DmtDNA4977 might be in effect, a reflection of the interplay between mitochondrial genome and other factors in the growing tumor.

[Linda Abdelmoniem Fadulalla. The Potential Effect Of Mtdna 4977 Deletion In The Development Of Prostate Cancer Among Sudanese Peopel. Cancer Biology 2017;7(1):79-86]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 11. doi:10.7537/marscbj070117.11.

Keywords: Potential Effect; Mtdna4977; Deletion; Development; Prostate Cancer; Sudanese Peopel

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Awareness And Knowledge About Oral Cancer Among Sample Of People In Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Hefni Hawazen, Al Somali Zohour, Prof. Ghada Mansour

Abstract: Introduction: Oral cancer is becoming prevalent and has dramatically become one of the causes of death among human race. However, like any other cancers, early diagnosis is the key to save patients who have this kind of illness, thus the need to increase the level of knowledge and awareness of the people concerning this malady. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the level of awareness and knowledge of oral cancer of the city of Jeddah in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A questionnaire was used to collect data from a random sample of 400 people. The questionnaire included 7 questions pertaining to knowledge about oral cancer. IBM SPSS version 22 has been used to analyze the data collected. Results: In this study, we found out that people in Jeddah have a very low level of knowledge and awareness on oral cancer.

[Hefni Hawazen, Al Somali Zohour, Prof. Ghada Mansour. Awareness And Knowledge About Oral Cancer Among Sample Of People In Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Cancer Biology 2017;7(1):87-90]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 12. doi:10.7537/marscbj070117.12.

Keywords: Awareness; Knowledge; Oral Cancer; People; Jeddah; Saudi Arabia

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[Cancer Biology 2017;7(1):91-95]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 13.

Withdrawn

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MiR-133a and MiR-155 as Potential Minimally Invasive Biomarkers in Breast Cancer

Reham A. A. Elshimy ¹*, Hesham A. El-Mahdy², Ossama A Mansour ², Mohamed M. A. Badr², Amr M. Ali³

              ¹Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt

²Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

3Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Beni Swif University, Beni Suif, Egypt    rehamelshimy@ymail.com

Abstract: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women around the world and the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) expression participates in breast cancer progression. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of miR-133a and miR-155 in breast cancer serum and study their correlation with tumor suppressor protein (p53), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen-15.3 (CA-15.3) concentrations in serum of breast cancer patients and also study their correlations with clinicopathological features. Methods: The expression of miR-133a and miR-155 in serum was evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), P53 concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and CEA and CA-15-3 concentrations were measured using chemiluminescent immunoassay in women with breast cancer (n=60) and controls (n = 20). Results: MiRNA-155 was significantly overexpressed (P<0.001) while miR-133a had significant down expression (P<0.001) in the serum of breast cancer patients compared to control serum. CEA and CA-15.3 have significant higher concentrations in the serum of breast cancer patients compared to control serum. A significant association was observed between miR-133a with tumor grade (P=0.045) and miR-155 with lymph node involvement (P=0.024). A significant correlation between miR-155 and CEA (P <0.05) was observed. P53 had no significant correlations with any of the studied miRNAs .There were no correlations between miR-133a and p53, CEA, CA-15.3. Our Conclusion: These miRNAs have a significant signature in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and can be used as minimally invasive biomarkers to diagnose breast cancer patients.

[Reham A. A. Elshimy, Hesham A. El-Mahdy, Ossama A Mansour, Mohamed M. A. Badr, Amr M. Ali MiR-133a and MiR-155 as Potential Minimally Invasive Biomarkers in Breast Cancer. Cancer Biology 2017;7(1):96-105]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 14. doi:10.7537/marscbj070117.14.

Key words: Breast cancer; MicroRNAs; miR-133a; miR-155

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