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Circulating MiR-150 and miR-130b as promising novel biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma

Nevine F. Shafik, MD¹; Reham A. A. Elshimy, MD¹; Mohamed Rahouma, MD²; Ahmed M Rabea, MD³

¹Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt.

²Surgical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt.

³Medical Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt.

nevinegad123@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is known to cause significant public health problems; treatment is effective in the early phases of the disease. Unfortunately, HCC is still diagnosed at an advanced stage. Recently, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been accounted to be promising biomarkers for diagnosing cancers. This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using serum miR-150 and miR-130b in the early diagnosis of HCC. Methods: The expression of miR-150 and miR-130b was evaluated using a quantitative real-time RT-PCR in 203 serum samples (60 healthy individuals, 43 cirrhotic and 100 HCC patients). Results: Serum miR-150 levels were significantly reduced in HCC patients, compared to healthy controls (P < 0.0001) and cirrhotic patients (P <0.0001), while miR-130b was significantly increased in HCC patients, compared to healthy controls (P < 0.0001) and cirrhotic patients (P < 0.0001). Serum miR-150 levels were down-regulated in cirrhotic group compared with healthy control (P=0.334) while miR-130 was significantly up-regulated in cirrhotic patients group compared with healthy control (P <0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses suggested that serum miR-150 and miR-130b had significant diagnostic value for HCC. Conclusion: Serum miR-150 and miR-130b can serve as a minimally invasive biomarker for the possible early diagnosis of HCC, and to differentiate it from the cirrhotic patients.

[Nevine F. Shafik; Reham A. A. Elshimy; Mohamed Rahouma; Ahmed M Rabea. Circulating MiR-150 and miR-130b as promising novel biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Biology 2017;7(1):1-8]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 1. doi:10.7537/marscbj070217.01.

Keywords: miR-150; miR-130b; serum; hepatocellular carcinoma

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Radiofrequency Ablation Combined With Percutaneous Ethanol Injection in Treatment of Medium Sized Lesions 3-5 cm Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Khaled A. Mansour¹ and Khaled Abdelaziz M.D.²

¹Clinical Oncology & Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt

²Radiodiagnosis Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt

Kh.77777@hotmail.com

Abstract: Purpose: We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy and survival of combination of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) for focal hepatic tumors 3-5 cm in diameter in patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients and methods: Forty patients(29males and 11 females, median age 56.5 years, range 42-70 years) with single inoperable HCCs medium sized lesions 3-5cm in the longest diameter; Performance status according to eastern cooperative oncology group (ECOG) 0-2, with Child Pugh class A or B; All were randomized into 2 treatment arms; group A; Included 20 patients, who have received combined ultrasound guided local ablative cool-tip RF and PEI, and group B; Included 20 patients, who have received PEI only. All patients were followed up 4 weeks after the end of the ablative sessions by helical dynamic computed tomography for assessing the therapeutic response. 1, 2 year overall survival rates (OSR) and progression free survival rates (PFSR) were recorded. Results: The complete necrosis rate of lesions was (80%) for group A versus (65%) for group B; with no statistical significance difference (P >0.05). The 1, 2 year OSR were (75%), (55%) in group A vs. (60%), (40%) in group B, the 1, 2 PFSR were (60%), (45%) in group A vs. (45%), (25%) in group B with no statistical significance difference (P >0.05). The complications were tolerable and limited to pain, vomiting, liver abscess and bile duct dilatation. Conclusion: The combination of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) for focal hepatic tumors 3-5 cm was effective and safe with prolongation of survival in patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with minimal tolerable complications.

[Khaled A. Mansour, and Khaled Abdelaziz. Radiofrequency Ablation Combined with Percutaneous Ethanol Injection in Treatment of Medium Sized Lesions 3-5 cm Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Biology 2017;7(2):9-17]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 2. doi:10.7537/marscbj070217.02.

Key words: Hepatocellular carcinoma; Radiofrequency ablation; percutaneous ethanol injection

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Effect Of Age And Gender On The Clinicopathological Features Of Bladder Tumor

Javed Altaf, Muhammad Adeel Mahesar, Taimur Jatoi

Department of Urology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro

Corresponding Author: Javed Altaf, Assistant Professor, javed_altfdr@yahoo.com

Abstract: Objective: To objective of the present was to examine the effect of age and gender on the clinicopathological features of bladder tumors in a single institution in Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Material & Methods: From 7^th January 2013 to 6^th June 2013, Patient Records of bladder tumor Department of Urology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Jamshoro was to examine the effect of age and gender on the clinicopathological features of bladder tumors in a single institution in Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. A total of 95 patients were identified and enrolled for this study. The bladder specimens of all the patients were sent for histopathological examination to find out the nature and grade of the disease. History of patients and histopathological characteristics were noted in the proforma. Results: A total of 95 cases were enrolled in this study. Mean ±SD duration of disease was 2.1 ±1.3 years. Out of 95 patients, 81were male and 14 were female with 5.7: 1 male to female ratio. The average age of the patients was 60.04 ±10.3 years. Minimum age was 40 years and maximum age was 72 years. Most of the patients 57 were between 50 - 59 years. Painless macroscopic hematuria was found in 61 males and in 8 females. Dysuria was found in 31 males and in 5 females. Urine urgency was found in 19 males and in 2 females. Majority of cases with painless macroscopic hematuria had age between 50 – 59 years, 47 Majority of cases with dysuria had age between 50 – 59 years, 24, majority of cases with urine urgency had age between 50 – 59 years, 16 (28.1%), but difference is insignificant (p-value = 0.2). Conclusion: In this study painless macroscopic hematuria and histological sub-type transitional-cell carcinoma was dominant with significant male preponderance among patients. Adult aged patients have low-grade disease. Hematuria is the common presentation and greater awareness is needed not to overlook bladder cancer.

[Altaf J, Mahesar MA, Jatoi T. Effect of Age and Gender on the Clinicopathological Features of Bladder Tumor. Cancer Biology 2017;7(2):18-22]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 3. doi:10.7537/marscbj070217.03.

Keywords: Bladder Tumor, Age, Gender

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Review on uses of animals in scientific research

Habtamu addis, Abebe mequnent

University of Gondar College of veterinary medicine and animal science, Department of veterinary clinical, Gondar, Ethiopia P.O. Box: 196

Email: yohansaddis68@gmail.com

Abstract: It is true that animals are used in a variety ways of in biological and biomedical research. The contributions of animal research to medical science and human health are undeniable. Scientific expertise, consensus and facts on the use of animal research must be weighed accordingly to have a honest, public discussion. Animal experimentation is necessary for scientists and different researchers at the current level of knowledge for studying the pathogenesis of different disease undertake drug trials, generate a variety of biological such as immunodiagnostics, vaccines to alleviate suffering in the human and animals themselves. Animals that are used for investigation and qualification of experiments and biomedical research are the base for different purposes of scientific studies we must use in a responsible and reasonable manner with no stress, pain and discomfort when we conduct studying with them based on the role and regulation of ethical arguments.

[Habtamu addis, Abebe mequnent. Review on uses of animals in scientific research. Cancer Biology 2017;7(2):23-30]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 4. doi:10.7537/marscbj070217.04.

Key words: Animal experimentation, biomedical research, immunodiagnostics, scientis

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MicroRNA-21 and microRNA-34a in Relation to other biological markers in Egyptian Breast Cancer Female Patients

Fatma A. Elrefaey¹, Nadia Z. Shaban², Nashwa K. Ibrahim³, Fatma H. El-Rashidy², Ahmad S. Kodous³

¹Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt

²Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt

³Radiation Biology Department, National Center for Radiation Research & Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic-Energy Authority (EAEA), Egypt

f_alrefay@yahoo.com

Abstract: Background: Altered microRNAs (miRNAs) expression has an impact on cancer initiation and progression. There is an emerging evidence that circulating miR21 and miR34a may have a potential role in breast cancer (BC) diagnosis and prognosis. Aim of the work: The current study aimed at characterizing the expression pattern of miR21 and miR34a in BC female patients pre- and post chemotherapy and delineating their correlation with clinicopathological subtypes and other molecular biomarkers. Patients and Methods: Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ PCR) was used to assess the relative expression of miR21 and miR34a in sera of 179 BC female patients in relation to 58 healthy females. Results: Circulating miR21 and miR34a showed significant upregulation of 5.1 fold change (p<0.001) and downregulation of -5.63 fold change, respectively (p<0.001). Data showed higher levels of miR21 in triple negative (TN), basal like subtype and stage III BC patients (p<0.001). Higher miR34a expression was demonstrated in triple positive, luminal A & B subtypes and stage I & II BC patients (p<0.001). MiR21 was directly correlated with Bcl2 level (p<0.001). There was direct correlation between miR34a, BRAC1, BRAC2 & p53 (p<0.001). MiR21expression decreased significantly postchemotherapy (p<0.001). A significant increase in miR34a level was detected after chemotherapy (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our data suggest a potential role of circulating miR21 and miR34a as molecular biomarkers in BC.

[Fatma A. Elrefaey, Nadia Z. Shaban, Nashwa K. Ibrahim, Fatma H. El-Rashidy, Ahmad S. Kodous. MicroRNA-21 and microRNA-34a in Relation to other biological markers in Egyptian Breast Cancer Female Patients. Cancer Biology 2017;7(2):31-39]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 5. doi:10.7537/marscbj070217.05.

Keywords: miR21, miR34a, Breast cancer, BRAC1, BRAC2, Bcl2, p53

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Effect of Eicosapentaenoic acid Supplementation on the Serum Profile of Apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apo B-100, and apo B-100/apo A-I Ratio in the Patients with Non Insulin-Dependent Diabetes

Mohammad Hassan Golzari^1, Saeed Hosseini^2, Fariba Koohdani^3, Seyde Ali Keshavarz^4, Mahmoud Djalali: Ph.D.⁵

¹MSc, Ph.D Candidate, Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

²MD, Ph.D. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

³Ph.D. Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

⁴Ph.D. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

⁵Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract: Background: There is sufficient evidence that the apo B-100 and apo A-I are as accurate indicators in the prediction of atherosclerotic vascular disease in the diabetic patients. EPA has the antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antithrombogenic, and antiarteriosclerotic properties. Therefore, we investigated the effect of EPA supplementation on the serum levels of apo B-100, apo A-I and apo B-100/apo A-I ratio in the diabetic patients. Methods: This study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Thirty six patients with type 2 diabetes were given written; informed consent, randomly were classified into 2 groups. They were supplemented with 2 g/day of the capsules of EPA or placebo. Blood sample for measurement of the serum levels of apolipoproteins and lipids, as well as FBS and HbA1c were given. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding any demographic, clinical or biochemical data, total energy intake, and macronutrient intake at the baseline, and during the intervention, except for a significant increase of HDL-c and apo A-I, and a significant decrease in the serum levels of apo B-100 and apo B-100/apo A-I ratio, as well as a slight reduce of TC, LDL-c, TG and FBS in the supplement group. Conclusions: EPA is atheroprotective via increase in the serum levels of apo A-I, and decrease in the serum levels of apo B-100 and apo B-100/apo A-I ratio, as well as change in the serum levels of lipids, and FBS.

[Mohammad Hassan Golzari Saeed Hosseini Fariba Koohdani Seyde Ali Keshavarz Mahmoud Djalali: Ph.D. Effect of Eicosapentaenoic acid Supplementation on the Serum Profile of Apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apo B-100, and apo B-100/apo A-I Ratio in the Patients with Non Insulin-Dependent Diabetes. Cancer Biology 2017;7(2):40-47]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 6. doi:10.7537/marscbj070217.06.

Key Words: Eicosapentaenoic acid, Apolipoprotein B, Apolipoprotein A-I, apo B-100/apo A-I, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

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An investigation of the effect of the covariates on survival time of Breast Cancer patients in Saudi Arabia.

Refah Alotaibi

Mathematical Science Department, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.

E-mail: rmalotaibi@pnu.edu.sa

Abstract: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in Saudi women, according to the Saudi Cancer Registry in King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH and RC). Around 930 new cases is diagnosed per year, which means that 19.5% of women in Saudi Arabia (Saudi and non-Saudi). The primary objective of this work is to investigate the effect of the covariates on survival time of Breast cancer patients in Saudi Arabia in order to estimate the survival probability of the different patients with different covariate combinations. We fit the Cox proportional hazards model and predict the lifetime of any patient given her covariates. The survival data for this project will consist of a study of 8312 (8172) females and about 140 males (1.68%) patients with advanced breast cancer with thirteen covariates collected for 9-years (2004 to 2013).

[Refah Alotaibi. An investigation of the effect of the covariates on survival time of Breast Cancer patients in Saudi Arabia. Cancer Biology 2017;7(2):48-54]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 7. doi:10.7537/marscbj070217.07.

Keywords: Breast Cancer, model, Kaplan-Meier, Cox Survival, hazard.

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The Effects of the Supplementation of EPA on the Serum Profile of Antiatherogenic Lipoprotein, Its Subfractions, Non-HDL-c, and Atherogenic/Antiatherogenic Lipoproteins Ratios in the Patients with Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

Mohammad Hassan Golzari¹, Saeed Hosseini², Fariba Koohdani³, Seyde Ali Keshavarz⁴, Mahmoud Djalali⁵

¹MSc, Ph.D Candidate, Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

²MD, Ph.D. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

³Ph.D. Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

⁴Ph.D. Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

⁵Ph.D. Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract: Background: HDL2-c, Non-HDL-c and lipoprotein ratios are as better risk indicators for CVD. EPA has the antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antithrombogenic, and antiarteriosclerotic properties. Therefore, we investigated the effect of EPA supplementation on the serum profile of antiatherogenic lipoprotein, its subfractions, non-HDL-c, and lipoprotein ratios in the diabetic patients. Methods: This study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Thirty six patients with type 2 diabetes were given written; informed consent, randomly were classified into 2 groups. They were supplemented with 2 g/day of the capsules of EPA or placebo. Blood sample for measurement of the serum levels of lipids and their ratios, as well as FBS and HbA1c were given. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding any demographic, clinical or biochemical data, total energy intake, and macronutrient intake at the baseline, and during the intervention, except for a significant increase of protein intake and the levels of HbA1c in the placebo group, and a significant increase in the serum levels of HDL-c and HDL2-c, and a significant decrease in the serum levels of HDL3-c, non-HDL-c and lipoproteins ratios, as well as a slight reduce of TC, LDL-c, TG and FBS in the supplement group. Conclusions: EPA is atheroprotective via increase in the serum levels of HDL-c and HDL2-c, and decrease in the serum levels of HDL3-c, non-HDL-c and lipoprotein ratios, as well as change in the serum levels of other lipids, and FBS.

[Mohammad Hassan Golzari, Saeed Hosseini, Fariba Koohdani, Seyde Ali Keshavarz, Mahmoud Djalali. The Effects of the Supplementation of EPA on the Serum Profile of Antiatherogenic Lipoprotein, Its Subfractions, Non-HDL-c, and Atherogenic/Antiatherogenic Lipoproteins Ratios in the Patients with Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. Cancer Biology 2017;7(2):55-64]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 8. doi:10.7537/marscbj070217.08.

Key Words: Eicosapentaenoic acid, HDL-c, HDL2-c, HDL3-c, non-HDL-c, TC/HDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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Assessment of Anti-cancer and Anti-viral potential of Pomegranate peel extract against human Prostate, and Larynx cancer cell lines: In-Vitro Study

Fadya Mohamed El-Garhy¹, Doaa abd el aziz badr² and Aly Fahmy Mohamed²

¹Faculty of Biotechnology, MSA University (October University for Modern Sciences and Arts), Egypt

²The Holding Company for Production of Vaccines, Sera and Drugs (VACSERA), Egypt

Fadya.elgarhy@gmail.com

Abstract: The present work aimed to evaluate the anticancer and antiviral potentials of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract (PPE). Data recorded revealed that PPE was Cytotoxic to cancer cells in a concentration and cell type dependent manner, where the HEp-2 cells were more sensitive to the tested extract than PC-3 recording a significantly reduced IC₅₀ value (P<0.05) in HEp-2 than PC-3 with records 115 and 206 µg / ml respectively. Also, the anticancer activity was assured via the up/down regulation of pro-apoptotic gene (Caspase-3) and metastasis contributing gene (MMP-1), both genes expression was cell type dependent as well. Also, the apoptotic potential of PPE was confirmed via arresting of cells in the G2/M phase and elevated apoptotic cell % in the pre-G1 phase. Also, the initiation of PPE antiviral potential was confirmed by monitoring the MxA gene post Vero cell treatment for 24 hours as the expression of MxA gene was significantly elevated (P<0.05) than non treated cells used as control.

[Fadya Mohamed El-Garhy, Doaa abd el aziz badr and Aly Fahmy Mohamed. Assessment of Anti-cancer and Anti-viral potential of Pomegranate peel extract against human Prostate, and Larynx cancer cell lines: In-Vitro Study. Cancer Biology 2017;7(2):65-73]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 9. doi:10.7537/marscbj070217.09.

Keywords: PPE, PC-3, HEp-2, Caspase-3, MMP-1, MxA gene, and cell cycle

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Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer. Enzalutamide Effectiveness and Tolerability

L.M. El-Helw^{1, 2}, Salil Vengalil¹, Rajanee Bhana¹, Sandra Heuschkel¹, Fawzi Adab¹

¹ The Cancer Centre, the Royal Stoke Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK

² Medical Oncology Department, Mansoura University, Egypt

loaieelhelw@hotmail.com; loaie.elhelw@uhns.nhs.uk

Abstract: Several second-generation androgen receptors signalling inhibitors have been used in management of patients with castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In this work, we aimed to retrospectively study the efficacy and tolerability of the antiandrogen enzalutamide in a cohort of CRPC patients who were treated in our centre between June 2014 and December 2015. Thirty six patients were included; 28 (77.8%) had metastatic prostate cancer at initial presentation and 8 (22.2%) had non-metastatic disease but relapsed later on during follow up. Prior to enzalutamide, most patients (52.8%) had 3 lines of hormonal treatment. Eleven patients (30.6%) received docetaxel chemotherapy. Overall, 27 patients (75%) responded to enzalutamide. The median progression free survival (PFS) duration was 5 months and 1 year PFS probability was 37.5%. The median overall survival (OS) duration since starting enzalutamide was 14 months and 1 year OS is 52%. Enzalutamide was well-tolerated by most patients and offered control of CRPC for a reasonable period of time.

[L.M. El-Helw, Salil Vengalil, Rajanee Bhana, Sandra Heuschkel, Fawzi Adab. Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer. Enzalutamide Effectiveness and Tolerability. Cancer Biology 2017;7(2):74-80]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 10. doi:10.7537/marscbj070217.10.

Key words: Enzalutamide; castration resistant; prostate cancer

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Treatment of cancer by low intensity laser radiation therapy

Sahar E. Abo-Neima

Department of physics, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Egypt.

sahar_amr2002@yahoo.com

Abstract: Cancer treatment is one of the main challenges that face the scientific centers all over the world. The cancer incidence percentage increases year after year. The most used treatment for cancer is chemotherapy which is an application of systemic cytotoxic drug inside the patient. There are two main problems in chemotherapy that the cytotoxic drug is given systematically and cannot be localized in the tumor region in most cases that lead to killing the cancer cells as well as normal cells; and that cause the chemotherapy side effects like anemia, decrease in all blood cells count and platelets, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hair and nails loss and may cause a kind of blood toxicity. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a relatively new approach for the treatment of malignancies with only minimal side effects for the patient. It is based on the administration of a tumor-localizing dye (photosensitizer, PS) that becomes toxic to neoplastic cells when is activated by light (usually from a laser) at a specific wavelength in the presence of O₂. In this work photodynamic therapy modality was used. Porphyrin derivative was used as a photo sensitizer drug and one source of energy were used; namely infrared laser with three frequency levels (1000, 2000, and 3000 Hz). Tumor- bearing animals were divided into the following groups each of 10 animals. The 1^st group consists of two control groups: the 1^st one was untreated group and the 2^nd one was injected with photosensitizer alone. The 2^nd group consists of 30 mice divided into 3 sub-groups and tumor site was irradiated with laser light as follows:1000 Hz, 2000 Hz and 3000 Hz for 5 min.3^rd group consists of 30 mice injected with HPD 12.5 mg/Kg, then divided into 3 subgroup and tumor site was irradiated with laser light at the same conditions of 2^ndgroup. The results show decrease in tumor size treated with drug (HPD) which is used as a photo sensitizer, laser, and combined treatment, both in the presence and absence of photosensitizer. Combined treatment is more effective on tumor cells than using of laser and drug alone. Also the presence of photosensitizer increases the effect of laser on tumor size. However, from histopathology of ehrlich tumor using 3000Hz of laser irradiation in the presence of the photosensitizer drug approximately has the most effect than using the photosensitizer drug alone and exhibit totally necrotized tumor. It could be concluded that the use of the photosensitizer drug alone has no effect on the ehlrich tumor. However, the presence of the drug gave maximum effects with exposure to 3000 Hz infrared laser irradiation. The work needs to be extended to reach more and powerful effects using the photodynamic therapy with exposure to other different energies of infrared laser radiation.

[Sahar E. Abo-Neima. Treatment of cancer by low intensity laser radiation therapy. Cancer Biology 2017;7(2):81-87]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 11. doi:10.7537/marscbj070217.11.

Keywords: Ehlrich Tumor, Photodynamic therapy, photosensitizer, laser radiation, Frequency

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Aloe-emodin Induces Apoptosis through the Up-Regulation of Fas in the Human Breast Cancer Cell Line MCF-7

Javad Hosseini¹, Mehdi Mahmoodi², Ali Jalili³, Shadi Hosseini⁴, Seyed-Mostafa Hosseini-zijoud⁵, Alireza Khoshdel², Mahshid Tahamtan⁶, Abbas Ahmadi⁷, Mohammad Nazir Menbari⁷, Alireza Gharib⁸, Mohammad Saeed Hakhamaneshi¹*

¹Dept. of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdestan University of Medical Sciences, Kurdestan, Sanandaj, Iran

²Dept. of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and the Molecular Medicine Research Centre, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran

³Dept. of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdestan University of Medical Sciences, Kurdestan, Sanandaj, Iran

⁴Faculty of pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

⁵Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran

⁶Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

⁷Kurdistan Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, sanandaj, Iran

⁸Deputy of Research and Technology, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, sanandaj, Iran

*Corresponding Author: biohakha@yahoo.com

Abstract: Aloe-emodin is a Hydroxyanthraquinone that exists in Aloe Vera leaves and has been known to have anti-tumor effects. Various studies have mentioned the biologic effects of Aloe Vera such as antiviral, antimicrobial and some hepato-protective effects. Recently its antitumor effects have attracted many researchers. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, accounting for 30% of all female cancers and < 1% of all cancer cases in men. Breast cancer also is responsible for 15% of cancer deaths in women. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-cancer effect of aloe-emodin on human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. Materials and Methods: MCF-7cells were cultured in RPMI medium with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The cytotoxic effect of different concentrations (5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 µM) of Aloe-emodin on cultured cells were evaluated by MTT assay at different times (24, 48, 72 h). Apoptosis and CD95 (Fas) expression were analyzed by flow-cytometry using an Annexin V-FITC/PI kit and Fas (CD95) kit according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Results: Aloe-emodin decreases the viability of MCF-7 cell line in a time and dose dependent manner, so that the most effective concentration of this substance was 100µM and 72h after treatment. According to the data of Fas (CD95) expression and Annexin-PI, the highest apoptosis induction rate was seen in 100µM and 72 h. Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicated that Aloe-emodin has some antitumor effects and can be used in the treatment of breast cancer. However, further investigation of its cytotoxic effects against tumor cells, both in vitro and in vivo, is recommended.

[Javad Hosseini, Mehdi Mahmoodi, Ali Jalili, Shadi Hosseini, Seyed-Mostafa Hosseini-zijoud, Alireza Khoshdel, Mahshid Tahamtan, Abbas Ahmadi, Mohammad Nazir Menbari, Alireza Gharib, Mohammad Saeed Hakhamaneshi. Aloe-emodin Induces Apoptosis through the Up-Regulation of Fas in the Human Breast Cancer Cell Line MCF-7. Cancer Biology 2017;7(2):88-94]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 12. doi:10.7537/marscbj070217.12.

Key words: Breast Cancer, Aloe-emodin, Apoptosis, MCF-7.

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A Dynamic System for Diagnosing of Breast Cancer based on CF Algorithm

B. Gomathy ¹, Shanmugam ², S.M. Ramesh ³

^1. Research Scholar, Anna University, Coimbatore

^2. Professor, Department of Electrical and Communcation Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Erode, India.

^3. Assistant Professor Senior Grade, Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Erode, India.

Abstract: Disease diagnosis and prognosis are two medical applications pose a great challenge to the researchers. The application of data mining and machine learning techniques has revolutionized the whole process of disease diagnosis. This paper intends to propose a hybridized approach, Correlative Framework (CF) algorithm for the implementation of diagnosing breast cancer, the most scare away disease. The major objective of this paper is to analyze and predict the vulnerability of disease in a patient. The association rule of data mining is deployed to correlate the interesting relation from the huge medical database. In this proposal, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) is exploited for feature selection. Initially, base rule is generated, then for each rule feature support is computed which is followed by confidence. On the basis of feature supporting the base rule, supplementary rule and positive rule is generated. Regression is utilized for each rule with its corresponding feature value. Classification result is obtained based on minimum and maximum of residual support values. The significant performance of our newly devised algorithm is evaluated using confidence metrics. Experimental results expose that prediction level of our adduced work is more factual than other existing algorithms.

[B. Gomathy, Shanmugam, S.M. Ramesh. A Dynamic System for Diagnosing of Breast Cancer based on CF Algorithm. Cancer Biology 2017;7(2):95-103]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 13. doi:10.7537/marscbj070217.13.

Keywords: Association rule, attribute selection, machine learning, mead linear regression, nedler, pruning, regression

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The role of c-Met and c-Src in radiotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549

Xing Xin, Yusi Liang, Huawei Zou

Department Of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital Of China Medical University, No.36, Shanhao RD, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, China.

Tel.:+86-8624-96615; Fax:+86-8624-96615; Email: huawei_zou@163.com

Abstract: Objective: To detect the change of c-Met and c-Src expression and activity in human lung cancer cells after radiation in order to explore the efficacy of them and the mechanism. Methods: We used human lung cancer cell lines A549 in vitro as research object. Western Blot assay was used to evaluate the change of c-Met and c-Src expression and activity in human lung cancer cells in different time point after 8Gy irradiation and before. Results: Western Blot results showed that the phosphorylation-c-Met reach the peak after 8Gy X-ray acting on A549 cell lines 2 hours. It’s 4.41times as many as the expression of before irradiation. It marked increased the activation of c-Met. The expression of non-phosphorylation c-Met is undifferentiated. The phosphorylation-c-Src reach the peak after 8Gy X-ray acting on A549 cell lines 4 hours. It has increased 2.99 times than those who not receive irradiation. The expression of non-phosphorylation c-Src is undifferentiated. Conclusion: The results of this research provide foundation for further exploring the mechanism of radiosensitizing effect in non small cell lung cancer and reference for whether c-Met or c-Src inhibitor can be used to prevent the radiosensitizing effect in clinical application for the patients who have non small cell lung cancer.

[Xing Xin, Yusi Liang, Huawei Zou. The role of c-Met and c-Src in radiotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549. Cancer Biology 2017;7(2):104-108]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 14. doi:10.7537/marscbj070217.14.

Key words: Carcinoma; Non-Small-Cell Lung; Radiotherapy; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met; Proto-Oncogene Proteins pp60 (c-src)

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