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Use of Vinorelbine/Cisplatin regimen Versus Docetaxel/Gemcitabine regimen in Operable Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Patients

Muhammad Solaiman Muhammad, Maha Lotfy Zamzam, Ahmed Mostafa Elzawawy and Ehab Mohammed Hassanen

Clinical Oncology & Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt.

mahalzamzam@hotmail.com

Abstract: Background: Locally advanced breast cancer continues to be a common breast cancer presentation worldwide and to be a significant problem in Egypt. The National Cancer Institute of Cairo data showed breast cancer stages III and IV to be around 80 - 90%. Aim of Work: To compare the Response Rate & Toxicity of using Vinorelbine/Cisplatin regimen versus Docetaxel/Gemcitabine regimen as a tool of treatment in Operable Locally Advanced Breast Cancer patients. Patients & Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial study that was conducted upon clinically, pathologically & radiologically proved patients with Locally Advanced Breast Cancer attending Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department of Suez Canal University during 2013 & 2014 at Ismailia. Patients recruited for the study were divided into two main groups as follows: Group (1): included patients who received 4 cycles of (Vinorelbine, Cisplatin) regimen. Group (2): included patients who received 4 cycles of (Docetaxel, Gemcitabine) regimen. Results: (Vinorelbine, Cisplatin) regimen was more effective and well-tolerated than (Docetaxel, Gemcitabine) regimen in patients with Locally Advanced Breast Cancer with Overall Response Rate: (84.44%, 53.33%) respectively. Disease Free Survival & Overall Survival for those who had pathological complete tumor & nodal response after receiving either (Vinorelbine, Cisplatin) or (Docetaxel, Gemcitabine) regimens during 19 months of follow-up were (100%) with significant statistical difference. Conclusion: Pathological complete remission to neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been consistently associated with improved disease free survival and overall survival.

[Muhammad Solaiman Muhammad, Maha Lotfy Zamzam, Ahmed Mostafa Elzawawy and Ehab Mohammed Hassanen. Use of Vinorelbine/Cisplatin regimen Versus Docetaxel/Gemcitabine regimen in Operable Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Patients. Cancer Biology 2017;7(4):1-10]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 1. doi:10.7537/marscbj070417.01.

Key Words: Response rate, toxicity, overall survival, disease free survival & Pathological complete remission.

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Exploratory Results of Capecitabine Metronomic Chemotherapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients after Prior Systemic Therapy for Metastatic Disease– A -Arm Phase II Study

Mohamed Sheta, MD, Rasha Abd El-Ghany Khedr, MD

Department of Clinical Oncology, Tanta University Hospital, Tanta, Egypt

Mohamed_sheta1@yahoo.com

Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate efficacy and toxicity of Capecitabine metronomic therapy preceded by prior treatment with at least one drug regimen for metastatic disease. Methods: Between June 2013 and February 2015, 38 women with pathologically proven metastatic breast cancer (MBC) with at least one significant lesion, who had received prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease, were enrolled. Patients received oral Capecitabine (Xeloda) metronomic therapy (750 mg/m², twice every day). The primary endpoints of this study were progression-free survival (PFS) rates and safety profile. Secondary end points were tumor response and overall survival (OS). Results: Objective response was observed in 23.7% of patients (9/38), and tumor control rate was 84.2% (32/38). Complete response was observed in 2 patients (5.3%) following treatment. The estimated median PFS and OS were 9 and 18 months, respectively. The 1-year OS and PFS rates were 73.6% and 42.1%, respectively. Treatment-related adverse events were manageable with only 2 patients (5.3%) suffered from Grade 3/4 hand-foot syndrome and another 2 patients (5.3%) suffered from Grade 3 diarrhea. No Grade 3/4 hematologic toxicity was recorded. All patients received full doses of Capecitabine and dose reduction was not required in any of our patients throughout the study. Conclusions: Capecitabine metronomic therapy in MBC patients after prior chemotherapy in metastatic setting offered a promising clinical benefit and simple way to be administered in outpatients, to the degree that makes it not only feasible, but also may be surpassed by the patients.

[Mohamed Sheta, Rasha Abd El-Ghany Khedr. Exploratory Results of Capecitabine Metronomic Chemotherapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients after Prior Systemic Therapy for Metastatic Disease– A -Arm Phase II Study. Cancer Biology 2017;7(4):11-18]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 2. doi:10.7537/marscbj070417.02.

Key words: Metastatic breast cancer, capecitabine metronomic therapy.

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Comparison of the anticancer effects of Panobinostat with doxorubicin on diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma

Neimat A Yassin¹, Aml A Mahmoud ², Asmaa M Elhoseiny³

¹Assistant lecturer in Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

²Veterinarian in Mansoura Experimental and Research Center, Mansoura, Egypt

³ Assistant lecturers in Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

dr_nona82@yahoo.com

Abstract: Panobinostat is the most recent histone deacetylase inhibitor approved for treatment of relapsed and recurrent multiple myeloma. In this study we compare its effects with doxorubicin which is already used for trans-arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: anti-cancer effects of panobinostat and doxorubicin are tested in DENA induced HCC in rats by pathological examination of liver sections and measuring liver enzymes Results: Panobinostat was found to highly significantly inhibit Heppar-1 and VEGF levels and both drugs decrease ALT levels while AST was increased in panobinostat groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that panobinostat may be a potent alternative to doxorubicin for treatment of HCC.

[Neimat A Yassin, Aml A Mahmoud, Asmaa M Elhoseiny. Comparison of the anticancer effects of Panobinostat with doxorubicin on diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Biology 2017;7(4):19-28]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 3. doi:10.7537/marscbj070417.03.

Keywords: Panobinostat, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Doxorubicin, Diethylnitrosamine

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Review on therapeutic and medicinal use of aloevera

Tesfahun Terefe and Tsehaye Neges

Candidates of veterinary Medicine, Collage of Veterinary medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia

Email: thesunneges@gmail.com

Abstract：This paper is mainly aimed to review the therapeutic and medicinal use of aloevera. The aloe vera or succulent has a long history of being used for medicinal purposes, dating back to ancient Egypt. The plant is native to North Africa, Southern Europe, and the Canary Islands. It’s used in traditional Indian medicine for constipation, skin diseases, worm infestation, infections and as natural remedy for colic. In Chinese medicine, it’s often recommended in the treatment of fungal diseases, and in the Western world, it has found widespread use in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. The plant Aloe vera is used in Ayurvedic, Homoeopathic and Allopathic streams of medicine, and not only tribal community but also most of the people for food and medicine. The plant leaves contains numerous vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, natural sugars and other bioactive compounds with emollient, purgative, anti-microbial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, anti-helmenthic, antifungal, antiseptic and cosmetic values for health care. This plant has potential to cure sunburns, burns and minor cuts, and even skin cancer. The external use in cosmetic primarily acts as skin healer and prevents injury of epithelial tissues, cures acne and gives a youthful glow to skin, also acts as extremely powerful laxative. As aloevera has a great therapeutic and medicinal value, therefore; it is better to use herbal medicine in modern ways rather than using traditional methods.

[Tesfahun Terefe and Tsehaye Neges. Review on therapeutic and medicinal use of aloevera. Cancer Biology 2017;7(4):29-38]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 4. doi:10.7537/marscbj070417.04.

Keywords: Adverse reactions; Aloe Vera; Antimicrobial; Medicinal Uses; Therapeutic

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[Cancer Biology 2017;7(4):39-41]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 5.

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Study of the “Unculi” of Pseudocheneis sulcatus (McClelland) (Sisoridae) fish of Kumaun Himalaya

S.C. Joshi, Ila Bisht and S.K. Agarwal

Department of Zoology, Kumaun University, S.S.J. Campus, Almora – 263 601, India.

Sureshjoshi2007@yahoo.com, joshi.drsuresh301@gmail.com; Cellular phone: 9720250733.

Abstract: Different type of unculi in the general body epidermis, snout epidermis, lip epidermis, adhesive apparatus epidermis and paired fin epidermis of Pseudocheneis sulcatus (McClelland) (Sisoridae) have been characterized by using scanning electron microscopy techniques in an attempt to understand their functional significance in relation to friction. The epidermis is differentiated into rough and smooth P. sulcatus. The rough epidermis consists of the epithelial cells. The smooth epidermis in addition to these cells type also possesses mucous cells. The surface of rough epidermis and smooth epidermis of P. sulcatus are keratinized in nature, in the rough epidermis, the epithelial cell surfaces are modifying into epidermal growth the unculi. The present investigation shows that, P. sulcatus GBE, snout and lips are non-papilliated with uncular surface and the adhesive apparatus and fin epidermis are papilliated.

[S.C. Joshi, Ila Bisht and S.K. Agarwal. Study of the “Unculi” of Pseudocheneis sulcatus (McClelland) (Sisoridae) fish of Kumaun Himalaya. Cancer Biology 2017;7(4):42-47]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 6. doi:10.7537/marscbj070417.06.

Key word: Epidermal unculi, Kumaun Himalaya, Hill-stream fish, P. sulcatus and SEM.

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Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis to Ciprofloxacin in Tabriz dairy herd in 2012

Jalili T1ᵒ, Mosaferi S2, Shirafkan A3, Asfaram H 1, Khakpour M2

1- Student of Veterinary Medicine, Yong Researchers Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
2- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
3- DVM, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Yong Researchers Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
* Corresponding authors E-mail: tohid.jalili@yahoo.com

Abstract: Mastitis is an inflammation of the parenchyma of mammary gland regardless of the causes. Mastitis is characterized by a range of physical and chemical changes in the glandular tissue. The most important changes in milk include discoloration, the present clots and the present of large number of leucocytes. There is a swelling, heat, pain and edema in mammary gland in many clinical causes. Coagulase positive S. aurousis a major pathogen of the bovine mammary gland and a common cause of contagious mastitis in cattle. The aim of this study was the evaluation of outbreaks of Staphylococcus aurous mastitis and its sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin in Tabriz dairy herd. This study is conducted in ten dairy herd of Tabriz on about one thousand cows. After doing CMT and identifying of infected cows, the milk samples obtained from infected quarters and transport to microbiological laboratories. After microbial culture of milk samples and isolated of S. aurous, antimicrobial sensitivity test with disk diffusion method perform by Ciprofloxacin, Penicillin, Oxytetracyclin, Co-trimoxazole, lincomycin and Cefquinome. This study defined that the outbreak of subclinical coagolase positive staphylococcus mastitis in Tabriz dairy herd was4.43 % (3.35 % S. aureus and 1.08 % S. intermedicus). The antimicrobial sensitivity test shown that88.23% of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in Tabriz dairy herd were susceptible to Ciprofloxacin, 94.1% to Cefquinome,, 85.29 to Sulfonamides (Co-trimoxazole), 32.35 lincomycin, 14.7% to Oxytetracyclin and 5.88% to penicillin. Results of this study defined that Ciprofloxacin has a great effect on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis at in vivo.
[Jalili T, Mosaferi S, Shirafkan A, Asfaram H, Khakpour M. Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis to Ciprofloxacin in Tabriz dairy herd in 2012. Cancer Biology 2017;7(4):48-52]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 7. doi:10.7537/marscbj070417.07.

Keywords: Mastitis, Staphylococcus aurous, Ciprofloxacin.

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Vitamin H And Hteir Role In Ruminant: A Review

Hamed Amini Pour

Young Researchers Club, Sarab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sarab, Iran.
khamed_jackson@yahoo.com

Abstract: Biotin, also known as Vitamin H or Coenzyme R, is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin founded with Bateman in 1916. It is composed of an uredo ring fused by a tetrahydrothiophene ring. A valeric acid substituent is attached to one of the carbon atoms of the tetra hydrothiophene ring. Biotin is a coenzyme in the metabolism of fatty acids, isoleucine, and valine, and it plays a role in gluconeogenesis. Biotin is vital for cell growth, the production of fatty acids, and the metabolism of fats and amino acids. It plays a role in the citric acid cycle, that is the process with which biochemical energy is generated during aerobic respiration. Biotin not only assists in diversion metabolic reactions but also helps to transfer carbon dioxide. Biotin may also be helpful in keeping a steady blood sugar level. Biotin is often advocated for strengthening hair and nails. As a consequence, it is found in many cosmetics and health products for the hair and skin, though it cannot be absorbed through the hair or skin itself. Biotin scarcity is rare because, in general, intestinal bacteria produce biotin in excess of the body's daily requirements. For which reason, statutory agencies in many countries, for example the USA and Australia, don't prescribe an advocated daily intake of biotin. Therefore, a number of metabolic disorders in that an individual's metabolism of biotin is abnormal exist. Incidence of biotin scarcity has-been found occasionally when humans and animals have consumed excessive quantities of raw eggs that contain a biotin completing factor (avidin). Likewise, biotin scarcity is reported in children by inborn errors of metabolism when there are insufficient biotin-dependent enzymes. Such cases in children respond dramatically to high-level dietary supplementations by biotin.
[Hamed Amini Pour. Vitamin H And Hteir Role In Ruminant: A Review. Cancer Biology 2017;7(4):53-56]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 8. doi:10.7537/marscbj070417.08.

Keywords: Vitamin H; Hteir Role; Ruminant; Review

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RapidArc versus intensity modulated radiation therapy in adjuvant gastric cancer irradiation: Any dosimetric advantage?

Karim Mashhour, M.D *, Wedad Hashem, M.D *, Hoda Abdelghany, M.sc †,

*Department of Clinical Oncology, Kasr Al-Ainy school of medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 11553, Egypt，Fax number: 37606512 - 37490002

E-mail: karim.mashhour.81@gmail.com; Tel. (+20) 1006086827

† Department of medical physics, Kasr Al-Ainy Hospital, Cairo University, Egypt

Abstract: Background: The purpose was to compare dosimetrically intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and RapidArc (RA) techniques for gastric carcinoma patients. Methods: For IMRT, a coplanar seven-field plan was performed. Regarding the RA, plans were done using a double arc plan consisting of 2 co-planar arcs of 360° in clockwise & counter clockwise direction. The PTV dose coverage criteria was at least 95% of PTV received 45Gy. Results: The mean V95 was 94.7% and 94.8% for the IMRT and RA, respectively (p = 0.32). The CI for IMRT and RA were 0.93 ± 0.01 & 0.94 ± 0.01, respectively; while the HI was 1.153 ± 0.01 for IMRT & 1.142 ± 0.02 for RA (both p > 0.04). The maximum spinal cord dose for IMRT and RapidArc was 37.87 Gy vs 36.42 Gy (p = 0.34). For the right kidney, IMRT had significantly lower mean V20 compared to RA (22.2 vs. 24.3Gy, p = 0.01). The mean V20 to the left kidney were 24.4 and 23.4 Gy in the IMRT and RA (p = 0.01). The treatment time was 193.5 ± 25.0s in IMRT and 66.0 ± 8.7 s in RA (p = 0.002). The total monitor units (MU) for RA and IMRT were 343.0 ± 94.0 & 363.0 ± 44.0 (p = 0.07), respectively. Conclusions: RA obtained similar dosimetric outcomes to IMRT plans regarding target coverage & organs at risk (OAR) sparing with an advantage of shorter delivery time & lower number of MU.

[Karim Mashhour, Wedad Hashem, Hoda Abdelghany. RapidArc versus intensity modulated radiation therapy in adjuvant gastric cancer irradiation: Any dosimetric advantage? Cancer Biology 2017;7(4):57-64]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 9. doi:10.7537/marscbj070417.09.

Keywords: dosimetric, double arc, IMRT, MUs

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Myelo-protective Activity of Crude Methanolic Extract of Leaves of Gongronema latifolium in Cyclophosphamide-induced Myelo-suppression.

Ufelle, S. A¹, Ukaejiofo, E. O¹, Achukwu, P.U¹, Ghasi, S²

^1.Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus (UNEC) Enugu State, Nigeria.

^2.Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus (UNEC) Enugu State, Nigeria

silasufelle@hahoo.com

Abstract: This study was designed to investigate the myelo-protective activity of crude methanolic extract of Gongronema latifolium leaves in cyclophosphamide-induced myelo-suppression. Wistar rats [n=30], aged 2 to 3 months, weighing 120 to 170 grams were acclimatized for two weeks and fed with commercially available rat feed and had access to water and feed ad libitum. They were divided into 5 groups [A to E]. Groups A, B and C were intraperitoneally-induced for myelo-suppression with 3mg/kg bodyweight of cyclophosphamide for 7 days. After induction, A served as cyclophosphamide-induced control, B received 150mg/kg, C received 250mg/kg and D [non-induced] received 250mg/kg [body-weight] of the extract orally for 14 days. Group E served as non-induced control. Blood samples [3.0 ml] were collected from each rat on days 8 and 15 through the retro orbital plexus of the median canthus into tri-potassium ethylene-diamine-tetracetic-acid containers for haematological analysis. Day 8, groups B and C revealed dosage-dependent significantly increased values compared to A [p<0.05] while D revealed non-significantly increased values compared to E. Day 15 groups B and C revealed dosage- and time-dependent significantly increased values compared to A while D revealed time-dependent significantly increased values compared to E. This suggests that this extract may posses’ both myelo-protective and haematopoietic effects when orally administered in cyclophosphamide-induced myelo-suppressed and non-induced Wistar rats.

[Ufelle, S. A, Ukaejiofo, E. O, Achukwu, P.U, Ghasi, S. Myelo-protective Activity of Crude Methanolic Extract of Leaves of Gongronema latifolium in Cyclophosphamide-induced Myelo-suppression.. Cancer Biology 2017;7(4):65-68]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 10. doi:10.7537/marscbj070417.10.

Keywords: Ad libitum; Dosage- and Time-dependent; Haematopoietic; Intraperitoneally; Orally.

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Cancer and Immortality

Ma Hongbao, PhD

Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA, ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: Immortality is eternal life, being exempt from death, unending existence. Some modern species may possess biological immortality. Cancer is the general name for a group of more than 100 diseases. Although there are many kinds of cancer, all cancers start because abnormal cells grow out of control. Untreated cancers can cause serious illness and death. The body is made up of trillions of living cells. Normal body cells grow, divide, and die in an orderly fashion. During the early years of a person’s life, normal cells divide faster to allow the person to grow. After the person becomes an adult, most cells divide only to replace worn-out or dying cells or to repair injuries. This article introduces recent research reports as references in the related studies. Cancer has a closed relationship to the life Immortality.
[Ma H. Cancer and Immortality. Cancer Biology 2017;7(4):69-72]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 11. doi:10.7537/marscbj070417.11.

Keywords: cancer; biology; research; life; disease

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Genome Editing using CRISPR/Cas9 and Cancer Research Literatures

Ma Hongbao, PhD

Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA, ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: Cancer is the general name for a group of more than 100 diseases. Although there are many kinds of cancer, all cancers start because abnormal cells grow out of control. Untreated cancers can cause serious illness and death. The body is made up of trillions of living cells. Normal body cells grow, divide, and die in an orderly fashion. During the early years of a person’s life, normal cells divide faster to allow the person to grow. After the person becomes an adult, most cells divide only to replace worn-out or dying cells or to repair injuries. This article introduces recent research reports as references in the related studies. CRISPR is a family of DNA sequences in bacteria. The sequences contain snippets of DNA from viruses that have attacked the bacterium. These snippets are used by the bacterium to detect and destroy DNA from similar viruses during subsequent attacks. These sequences play a key role in a bacterial defense system, and form the basis of a technology known as CRISPR/Cas9 that effectively and specifically changes genes within organisms.
[Ma H. Genome Editing using CRISPR/Cas9 and Cancer Research Literatures. Cancer Biology 2017;7(4):73-91]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net. 12. doi:10.7537/marscbj070417.12.

Key words: cancer; life; research; literature; cell; CRISPR/Cas9; genome editing

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