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Studies of Ethanolic Extract from  Lentinus edodes On Different Cell Lines And Lymphocytes Separated From Cancer Breast Patients

Ahmed, W.A. *, Osman, M.E., Khattab, O.H., Hassan, F.R.H. ** , El-Henawy, H.E.

Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Egypt.

* Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt.

**Food Technology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.

drwafaaeg@hotmail.com

Abstract: Lentinus edodes a Chinese edible and medicinal mushroom was grown using submerged culture on different standard liquid media and different food wastes by products. Shiitake broth medium was the medium that showed the maximum biomass for both tested strains. The biomass obtained from cultivation on all tested media was extracted with ethanol to obtain crude extract that tested for its biological activity.  Also, SM broth medium showed the highest crude extract yield for the two strains. Some physiological factors were studied to optimize the conditions for cultivation on SM broth medium for maximum biomass and crude extract yield. Although recent studies have demonstrated that L. edodes separate compounds can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells In vitro and in vivo, crude extract of L. edodes mycelia was tested in this study In vitro and in vivo. The Invitro cytotoxic activity of the crude extracts of mycelia of the two strains were examined on human breast cancer (MCF7) cell line using trypan blue exclusion assay and MTT cytotoxicity assay. The results showed that the crude extract of Lentinus edodes LC2141 inhibited the proliferation of MCF7 at high concentration with IC₅₀ 178.8μg/ml while Lentinus edodes LC202 extract inhibited the proliferation of MCF7 at high concentration with IC₅₀  94.025μg/ml. Also, The treatment of Hep-G2 cells with different concentrations of ethanolic extract of both Lentinus edodes LC2141 and Lentinus edodes LC202 dramatically inhibited the cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, with high IC₅₀ values of 953.1μg/ml and 1868.3μg/ml, respectively. Immunomodulating activity of the tested extracts was determined on normal and breast cancer patient lymphocyte using MTT and trypan blue exclusion assays. The treatment of lymphocyte with different concentrations of the crude extract showed an increase in lymphocyte proliferation by increasing concentration (dose dependant).

[Ahmed, W.A., Osman, M.E., Khattab, O.H., Hassan, F.R.H. , El-Henawy, H.E.. Studies of Ethanolic Extract from Lentinus edodes On Different Cell Lines And Lymphocytes Separated From Cancer Breast Patients. Cancer Biology 2011;1(2):1-9]. (ISSN: 2150-1041). http://www.cancerbio.net. 1

doi:10.7537/marscbj010211.01

Keywords: Lentinus edodes, Ethanolic crude extract, submerged culture, antitumor activity.

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Measurement of Scattered Radiation Dose to The Eyes, Breasts and Gonads of Patients During External Beam Radiation Therapy.

 Elumelu-Kupoluyi T. N., Akinlade B. I., Abdus-salam A. A. and Adenipekun A. A.

Department of Radiotherapy, College of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.

tessynek@yahoo.com,

Abstract: In Nigeria data on radiation doses to critical organs outside primary radiation beams during radiotherapy is sparse therefore the extent to which other parts of patient’s body are protected during treatment could not be quantified. In clinical studies on measurement of radiation dose to critical structures, even though the doses are relatively low, have been associated with cardiac toxicity and increased risk of secondary cancer. This study is aimed at measuring scattered radiation to the eyes, breasts and gonads, of patients during Cobalt-60 external beam radiotherapy.  Thirty patients with malignancy in the abdomen, breast, cervix and head and neck who consented to participate were studied. Scattered radiation was measured with thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) using calibrated Lithium Fluoride (LiF) phosphor and TLD Reader, Harshaw 4500.  Scattered radiation dose to the eyes, breast and gonads from the treatment fields considered are: Abdomen (0.46 ± 0.10 Gy, 0.52 ± 0.10 Gy and 0.76 ± 0.50 Gy); Breast (0.58 ± 0.10 Gy, 1.10 ± 0.40 Gy and 0.50 ± 0.10 Gy); Head and neck (1.42 ± 1.10 Gy, 0.45 ± 0.10 Gy and 0.49 ± 0.10 Gy); Pelvis (0.50 ± 0.10 Gy, 0.48 ± 0.10 Gy and Nil). Gonads were not measured during irradiation of pelvic region.  In this preliminary study, the scattered doses to the critical organs were found to be higher than the radiation level (0.1 Gy) at which cancer risk is considered unlikely. Further study is aimed at exploring treatment approach that would reduce scattered dose to the bearest minimum.  

[Elumelu-Kupoluyi T. N., Akinlade B. I., Abdus-salam A. A. and Adenipekun A. A. Measurement of Scattered Radiation Dose to The Eyes, Breasts and Gonads of Patients During External Beam Radiation Therapy. Cancer Biology 2011;1(2):10-16]. (ISSN: 2150-1041). http://www.cancerbio.net. 2

doi:10.7537/marscbj010211.02

Keywords: Scattered radiation, Critical organ dose, Cancer patient, External Beam Radiation Therapy

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Antitumor effects of osmium (II) and ruthenium (II) bipyridine complexes containing the acetylacetonato ligand against the growth of Eherlich Ascites Cell Carcinoma

 El-Shahat A. Toson

Chemistry Department (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of Science (Damietta), Mansoura University, Egypt.

 eatoson@yahoo.com

Abstract: The development of metal-based antitumor drugs has been stimulated by the clinical success of cisplatin and its analogs and by the clinical trials of other platinum and ruthenium complexes with activity against resistant tumors and with reduced toxicity of normal cells. In the present study, the newly synthesized [OsII(bpy)2(acac)](PF6) and [RuII(bpy)2(acac)](PF6) complexes were tested for their cytotoxicities against Eherlich Ascites Cells (EAC) carcinoma, for their superoxide dismutase (SOD)- like activities and for their cytoprotective effects of the normal human red blood cells (RBCs) against photo-irradiation induced by UV-lamb in the presence of m-chloroperbenzoic acid, in vitro. Also, their killing capabilities for the growth of EAC carcinoma in vivo and the measurements of the biochemical changes accompanying such killing were investigated. The in vitro study revealed that the average cytoprotective effects of RBCs, SOD- like activities and the cytotoxicity of EAC by similar concentrations of  rutheniumII (RuII) and osmium (OsII) complexes were 91.5% and 98.3%, 89.9% and 89.8% and 90% and 92.8%, respectively. In the in vivo study, the mean SOD activities in both RBCs and liver of the tumorized mice were statistically significantly inhibited compared with those of the control group (P<0.0001). After treatment either with RuII and OsII complexes, the activities of the latter enzyme in RBCs and liver were elevated (P<0.0007, P<0.04 and  P<0.09 and P >0.05, respectively). Also, the  mean activity of catalase was inhibited in liver tissues in the tumorized animals and re-elevated after complexes treatment. In addition, treatment with these complexes elevate the glutathione (GSH) levels in liver tissues of the tumorized and normal mice with simultaneous reduction in the mean levels of the corresponding values of malondialdehyde. On the other side, the mean levels of triglycerides and cholesterol were reduced in liver tissues but the  mean levels of total lipids and total proteins were elevated after treatment. Moreover, the mean levels of DNA and RNA were significantly elevated in liver tissues of the tumorized animals and significantly reduced after treatment of the tumorized mice with the complexes. The previous results reflect tumor growth inhibition and prevention of EAC carcinoma metastasis into the liver. In conclusion, RuII and OsII bipyridine complexes are promising free radical scavengers in phototherapy and may be used as anti-tumor and anti-metastatic agents in the clinical trials in the future.

[El-Shhat A. Toson. Chemistry Department (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of Science (Damietta), Mansoura University, Egypt. Cancer Biology 2011;1(2):17-28]. (ISSN: 2150-1041). http://www.cancerbio.net. 3

doi:10.7537/marscbj010211.03

Keywords: Photo-irradiation, complexes, cytotoxicity, tumors, malondialdehyde and metastasis

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Cancer Society Literatures

Mark Smith

Queens, New York 11418, USA

mark20082009@gmail.com

Abstract: Cancer is the general name for a group of more than 100 diseases. Although there are many kinds of cancer, all cancers start because abnormal cells grow out of control. Untreated cancers can cause serious illness and death. The body is made up of trillions of living cells. Normal body cells grow, divide, and die in an orderly fashion. During the early years of a person’s life, normal cells divide faster to allow the person to grow. After the person becomes an adult, most cells divide only to replace worn-out or dying cells or to repair injuries. There are many societies that are working on the cancer researches. This is the literature collection on cancer societies.

[Smith MH. Cancer Society Literatures. Cancer Biology 2011;1(2):29-78]. (ISSN: 2150-1041). http://www.cancerbio.net. 4

doi:10.7537/marscbj010211.04

Keywords: cancer; biology; research; life; disease; society

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Cancer Suppressor-gene

Mark Smith

Queens, New York 11418, USA

mark20082009@gmail.com

Abstract: This is literature collections for cancer suppressor-gene researches.

[Smith MH. Cancer Suppressor-gene. Cancer Biology 2011;1(2):272-296]. (ISSN: 2150-1041). http://www.cancerbio.net. 5

doi:10.7537/marscbj010211.05

Keywords: cancer; biology; research; life; disease; suppressor-gene researches

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